归因和重要的生命周期评估:评估相关的社会和决策支持

• ¹卢森堡科技研究所(列表),卢森堡

生命周期评价(LCA)是一个关键的工具来评估产品系统的环境影响。两个突出的类型是归因(ALCA;评估全球影响份额的产品生命周期)和间接LCA (CLCA;间接影响的评估决定)。我们分析了相关性的程度上他们是对社会,可以支持决策基于两个意识形态和三个务实的标准。首先,当涉及到现实的造型根据需要在可持续发展的背景下,从理论上讲,CLCA尝试这些实际项目,而ALCA不足在一定程度上是因为概念约束。关于第二个符合道德标准,与无处不在的重要伦理CLCA将完全,一个动作判断是基于它所能导致的后果。ALCA只是部分重要的,因为它是限制和义务论伦理学概念相关的规则,例如甚至涵盖了产品的相对过去。从义务论伦理学,即操作基于其对齐规则判断,一般的相关性对我们现代人类社会,道德有互补性的空间相关性ALCA和CLCA之间。然而,ALCA的规则(例如,添加)和他们的相关性并没有被全社会接受。 In the context of decision-support, CLCA would evaluate the consequences of decisions and ALCA covers the approval & sharing of potential responsibility of the life cycle environmental impact of the product associated with the decision. We also point out a unique valorisation for Organisational ALCA, covering the latter for the organizations behind a product. Concerning the three practical criteria, , modelling complexity and uncertainty may often be only slightly higher for CLCA than for ALCA due to a consideration of change caused by a decision, but both ALCA and CLCA modelling may be similarly complex and uncertain as both methods cover past and/or future projections. Finally, ALCA modelling may be seen as a practical approximation of CLCA, but current CLCA models are more adequate to study consequential effects, and the further CLCA modelling and databases improve, the more this will be the case.