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|</span> <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2022.1050641">https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2022.1050641</一个></d我v></d我v></div> <div class="JournalAbstract"> <a id="h1" name="h1"></a> <h1>优化方法基于热储罐的风电消费的背景下,加强碳排放交易</h1><d我vclass="authors"> <a href="//www.thespel.com/people/u/2018108" class="user-id-2018108"><img class="pr5" src="https://loop.frontiersin.org/images/profile/2018108/24" onerror="this.src='https://f96a1a95aaa960e01625-a34624e694c43cdf8b40aa048a644ca4.ssl.cf2.rackcdn.com/Design/Images/newprofile_default_profileimage_new.jpg'" alt="www.雷竞技rebatfrontiersin.org">Junyu侯</一个><我mg class="pr5" src="https://f96a1a95aaa960e01625-a34624e694c43cdf8b40aa048a644ca4.ssl.cf2.rackcdn.com/Design/Images/newprofile_default_profileimage_new.jpg" alt="www.雷竞技rebatfrontiersin.org">智元*<我mg class="pr5" src="https://f96a1a95aaa960e01625-a34624e694c43cdf8b40aa048a644ca4.ssl.cf2.rackcdn.com/Design/Images/newprofile_default_profileimage_new.jpg" alt="www.雷竞技rebatfrontiersin.org">维情王<我mg class="pr5" src="https://f96a1a95aaa960e01625-a34624e694c43cdf8b40aa048a644ca4.ssl.cf2.rackcdn.com/Design/Images/newprofile_default_profileimage_new.jpg" alt="www.雷竞技rebatfrontiersin.org">山,他</d我v><ul class="notes"> <li>可再生能源发电的工程研究中心和短时间控制,教育部,新疆大学,乌鲁木齐,中国</li> </ul> <p class="mb15">在中国的背景下,努力实现“碳峰值和碳中立”的目标为“三北”区域供暖季节,热功率单元,由于其独特的运行方式“修复电力热”和由此产生的晚上系统风电消费不足的问题,提出了作为风力发电消耗的优化方法基于热储罐中加强碳排放交易。优化方法应用于火力发电厂和考虑热电联产机组的约束热电耦合、电力平衡,热功率的平衡。以热电厂的最低总成本为目标函数,在Matlab用于最大化策略解算器解决目标函数。风系统功耗,有限公司<sub>2</sub>火力发电厂排放,经济系统的分析了在不同的场景中。算例结果表明,本文提出的模型不仅提高了风力发电系统的消费率,减少了有限公司<sub>2</sub>火力发电厂的排放,但也提高了经济。</p> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="JournalFullText"> <a id="h2" name="h2"></a> <h2>1介绍</h2><p class="mb15">近年来,风力发电的装机容量在中国西北,华北,东北逐渐增加。根据“中国”14日五年“电力发展规划研究”,预计2050年全国用电量将达到141万亿千瓦时,总发电14.3万亿千瓦时,总装机容量将达到60.1亿千瓦。其中,风力发电的装机容量是19.67亿千瓦,发电4.36万亿千瓦,占该国发电总量的30.5%,是中国最大的电源(<一个href="#B18">太阳。et al ., 2017)</一个>;<一个href="#B24">朱et al ., 2021</一个>)。在国家大力支持风力发电的发展,风能系统功耗的问题也迫切需要解决。</p> <p class="mb15">北地区的加热要求中国“三”在供暖季节主要是满足热电联产(CHP),但由于其独特的运行方式”设置电,热,“风力发电空间连接到互联网在供暖季节是有限的。这大大限制了风电的消费,火电机组将生成大量的有限公司<sub>2</sub>在操作的过程中(<一个href="#B23">周et al ., 2020</一个>),这是不利于实现“碳峰值和碳中立”的目标。为了提高上网速度风力发电在电力系统中,有必要执行thermo-decoupling操作在共和人民党(CHP)的减少迫使输出单元。现有的解耦操作方法包括使用热泵(<一个href="#B8">Kim Yu et al ., 2022</一个>;<一个href="#B14">穆罕默德et al ., 2022</一个>),电锅炉(<一个href="#B21">杨。et al ., 2020)</一个>;<一个href="#B9">李et al ., 2021</一个>)等,电加热,使用蓄热水箱的热补偿(<一个href="#B16">Sinha et al ., 2019</一个>;<一个href="#B17">歌et al ., 2021</一个>)或建筑热。惯性(<一个href="#B15">Picallo-Perez et al ., 2021</一个>)改善CHP加热的灵活性。其中,蓄热水箱的使用,以弥补供热不仅可以增加风电网空间但也有一个良好的节煤效果和较低的投资成本,这是一个理想的措施来解决风电消费在供暖季节(<一个href="#B13">Lv et al ., 2015</一个>)。在西方国家如丹麦、蓄热的协调操作坦克和火电机组已成为一个重要的措施来增加风能和其他可再生能源的电网连接(<一个href="#B11">隆德Mathiesen, 2009</一个>)。</p> <p class="mb15">目前,国内外许多学者进行了研究蓄热水箱的安装在火力发电厂提高风电消费。Lv et al。(2015)的三个风力发电消耗方案相比泵送蓄水,风力发电供热,蓄热水箱和得出结论,热储罐的蓄热方案具有更好的经济。蓄热能力的影响,研究了风电消费,但分析不够全面(<一个href="#B13">Lv et al ., 2015</一个>)。曹et al。(2021)提出了一个评价方法的风电消费能力热电厂蓄热方案,考虑热电厂的实际情况操作(<一个href="#B1">曹et al ., 2021</一个>)。崔et al。(2021)研究了电动热的监管特点结合能量存储实现热量的传递能量的时间尺度,从而促进系统的吸收风能。然而,建设成本和运营成本的影响蓄热水箱的系统经济并不认为(<一个href="#B3">崔et al ., 2021</一个>)。Ge et al .(2019)分析了风能的利用率在不同热负荷水平和热电厂的风电消费影响蓄热水箱下最优控制策略,但没有考虑到影响蓄热水箱容量的风力发电消耗,他们也没有考虑燃料系统和他的影响和其他成本系统经济学(<一个href="#B6">通用电气et al ., 2019</一个>)。上述研究没有考虑系统的碳交易成本,导致较低的单位碳排放不优先系统,和系统碳的排放并没有缓解。</p> <p class="mb15">综上所述,中国的背景下,努力实现“碳和碳中和,达到顶峰”的目标进行优化的研究是非常必要的在热电厂的热储罐中加强碳排放交易。因此,本文优化系统cogeneration-wind farm-heat储罐的背景下加强碳排放交易。为了提高风系统的能耗,减少有限公司<sub>2</sub>火力发电厂的排放量,提高热电厂的经济,本文首先增加了通过添加热电厂的热储罐。我们与共和人民党(CHP)合作单位提供热量,解耦共和人民党(CHP)单位的“heat-based电力”操作模式,并提高系统的空间接收风力发电供热期间。其次,通过引入系统碳交易成本,它是被迫作出高效率和低碳排放的单位优先输出,以减少有限公司<sub>2</sub>火力发电厂的排放和燃料的成本单位提高热电厂的经济。</p> <a id="h3" name="h3"></a> <h2>2操作每个电源的特点和低碳的原则在蓄热耗散坦克和梯子碳交易</h2><h3class="pt0">2.1火电机组操作特点</h3><p class="mb0">提取类型和背压式两种不同类型的热功率的单位。与传统的发电机组,热发电机组的发电输出热电耦合约束的限制。之间存在着耦合关系的热能和电力热电单元,称为“electrical-thermal特点。”<一个href="#F1">图1</一个>,<一个href="#F2">2</一个>热电装置的工作特性。</p> <div class="DottedLine"></div> <div class="Imageheaders"> 图1</d我v><d我vclass="FigureDesc"> <a href="//www.thespel.com/files/Articles/1050641/fenrg-10-1050641-HTML-r3/image_m/fenrg-10-1050641-g001.jpg" name="Figure1" target="_blank"><img id="F1" alt="www.雷竞技rebatfrontiersin.org" class="lazy" data-src="//www.thespel.com/files/Articles/1050641/fenrg-10-1050641-HTML-r3/image_m/fenrg-10-1050641-g001.jpg"></a> <p><b>图1</b>。背压电热特性的单元。</p> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="DottedLine"></div> <div class="Imageheaders"> 图2</d我v><d我vclass="FigureDesc"> <a href="//www.thespel.com/files/Articles/1050641/fenrg-10-1050641-HTML-r3/image_m/fenrg-10-1050641-g002.jpg" name="Figure2" target="_blank"><img id="F2" alt="www.雷竞技rebatfrontiersin.org" class="lazy" data-src="//www.thespel.com/files/Articles/1050641/fenrg-10-1050641-HTML-r3/image_m/fenrg-10-1050641-g002.jpg"></a> <p><b>图2</b>。电和热的特征提取单元。</p> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="DottedLine"></div> <p class="mb0">外部供热的热源精疲力竭的蒸汽排放背压机组的汽轮机,线性耦合关系其发电和加热功率所示<一个href="#F1">图1</一个>,其发电完全加热能力决定的。因此,加热功率和发电之间的关系如下(<一个href="#B12">陆。et al ., 2016)</一个>):</p> <div class="equationImageholder"> <math id="e1"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> P</mi> <mn> 1</mn> </msub> <mo> =</mo> <mi> θ</mi> <msub> <mi> H</mi> <mn> 1</mn> </msub> <mo> +</mo> <mi> β</mi> </mrow> <mspace width="5em"></mspace> <mo stretchy="false"> (</mo> <mn> 1</mn> <mo stretchy="false"> )</mo> </math> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <p class="noindent">在哪里<我nline-formula id="inf1"> <math id="m2"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> P</mi> <mn> 1</mn> </msub> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>代表的发电装置;<我nline-formula id="inf2"> <math id="m3"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> H</mi> <mn> 1</mn> </msub> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>代表的外部加热功率背压热电单元;<我nline-formula id="inf3"> <math id="m4"> <mrow> <mi> θ</mi> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>代表了电力弹性系数和热功率的单位,<我nline-formula id="inf4"> <math id="m5"> <mrow> <mi> θ</mi> <mo> =</mo> <mrow> <mrow> <mo> ∆</mo> <mi> P</mi> </mrow> <mo> /</mo> <mrow> <mo> ∆</mo> <mi> H</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>,它可以被视为一个常数;和<我nline-formula id="inf5"> <math id="m6"> <mrow> <mi> β</mi> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>相对应的热输出功率最小电动背压热电单元的输出。</p> <p class="mb0">extraction-type单位提取热量的两极汽轮机实现外部加热。如果吸入蒸汽体积不变,外部加热提取体积会增加,发热量将继续增长,但电力将继续减少。所示<一个href="#F2">图2</一个>在指定区域,抽汽单元可以调整它的发电和供热能力。EDCBA包围的面积图中抽汽的正常工作区域单元。尽管其发电有一定的可调范围,当其发热量继续增长,其发电的可调节范围将相应减少。根据单元的工作原理,发电之间的关系,热,和净发电在纯冷凝条件是:</p> <div class="equationImageholder"> <math id="e2"> <mrow> <mi> P</mi> <mo> =</mo> <msub> <mi> P</mi> <mn> 2</mn> </msub> <mo> +</mo> <mi> η</mi> <msub> <mi> H</mi> <mn> 2</mn> </msub> </mrow> <mspace width="5em"></mspace> <mo stretchy="false"> (</mo> <mn> 2</mn> <mo stretchy="false"> )</mo> </math> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <p class="noindent">在哪里<我nline-formula id="inf6"> <math id="m8"> <mrow> <mi> P</mi> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>代表了发电单元的纯冷凝条件下,<我nline-formula id="inf7"> <math id="m9"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> P</mi> <mn> 2</mn> </msub> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>是电动蒸汽萃取热电单元的输出,<我nline-formula id="inf8"> <math id="m10"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> H</mi> <mn> 2</mn> </msub> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>是热蒸汽萃取热电单元的输出,然后呢<我nline-formula id="inf9"> <math id="m11"> <mrow> <mi> η</mi> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>减少电力当更多的单元加热热量摄入时提取的蒸汽是恒定的。</p> <p class="mb0">它的电热特性表示如下:</p> <div class="equationImageholder"> <math id="e3"> <mrow> <mo> {</mo> <mtable columnalign="left"> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mi> 马克斯</mi> <mrow> <mo> (</mo> <mrow> <mi> θ</mi> <msub> <mi> H</mi> <mn> 2</mn> </msub> <mo> +</mo> <mi> β</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <msub> <mi> P</mi> <mi> 最小值</mi> </msub> <mo> −</mo> <mi> η</mi> <msub> <mi> H</mi> <mn> 2</mn> </msub> </mrow> <mo> )</mo> </mrow> <mo> ≤</mo> <msub> <mi> P</mi> <mn> 2</mn> </msub> <mo> ≤</mo> <msub> <mi> P</mi> <mi> 马克斯</mi> </msub> <mo> −</mo> <mi> η</mi> <msub> <mi> H</mi> <mn> 2</mn> </msub> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mn> 0</mn> <mo> ≤</mo> <msub> <mi> H</mi> <mn> 2</mn> </msub> <mo> ≤</mo> <msub> <mi> H</mi> <mi> 马克斯</mi> </msub> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> <mspace width="5em"></mspace> <mo stretchy="false"> (</mo> <mn> 3</mn> <mo stretchy="false"> )</mo> </math> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <p class="noindent">在哪里<我nline-formula id="inf10"> <math id="m13"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> P</mi> <mi> 马克斯</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>显示的最大发电单元,<我nline-formula id="inf11"> <math id="m14"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> P</mi> <mi> 最小值</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>表示的最小发电单位,<我nline-formula id="inf12"> <math id="m15"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> H</mi> <mi> 马克斯</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>表示最大加热功率的单位。</p> <h3 class="pt0">2.2风力发电输出模型</h3><p class="mb0">风力发电机输出功率模型<我nline-formula id="inf13"> <math id="m16"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> P</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> f</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> d</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi> t</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>风力涡轮机的一段时间是由平均风速<我nline-formula id="inf14"> <math id="m17"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> v</mi> <mi> t</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>在风力涡轮机的高度中心这段时间,和它的分段函数表达式如下(<一个href="#B7">郭。et al ., 2015)</一个>)。电力系统的随机生产模拟风力农场</p> <div class="equationImageholder"> <math id="e4"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> P</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> f</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> d</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi> t</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo> =</mo> <mrow> <mo> {</mo> <mtable columnalign="center"> <mtr> <mtd> <mtable columnalign="center"> <mtr> <mtd> <mn> 0</mn> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mtd> <mtd> <mrow> <mn> 0</mn> <mo> ≤</mo> <msub> <mi> v</mi> <mi> t</mi> </msub> <mo> ≤</mo> <msub> <mi> v</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> c</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> 我</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mi> ω</mi> <mrow> <mo> (</mo> <mrow> <msub> <mi> v</mi> <mi> t</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mo> )</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd> <mrow> <msub> <mi> v</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> c</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> 我</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo> <</mo> <msub> <mi> v</mi> <mi> t</mi> </msub> <mo> ≤</mo> <msub> <mi> v</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> r</mi> </msub> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <msubsup> <mi> P</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> r</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> w</mi> </msubsup> </mtd> <mtd> <mrow> <msub> <mi> v</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> r</mi> </msub> <mo> <</mo> <msub> <mi> v</mi> <mi> t</mi> </msub> <mo> <</mo> <msub> <mi> v</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> c</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> o</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mn> 0</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mrow> <msub> <mi> v</mi> <mi> t</mi> </msub> <mo> ≥</mo> <msub> <mi> v</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> c</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> o</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mrow> <mspace width="5em"></mspace> <mo stretchy="false"> (</mo> <mn> 4</mn> <mo stretchy="false"> )</mo> </math> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <p class="noindent">在哪里<我nline-formula id="inf15"> <math id="m19"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> v</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> c</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> 我</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>是切入风速,<我nline-formula id="inf16"> <math id="m20"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> v</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> c</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> o</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>断路器风速,<我nline-formula id="inf17"> <math id="m21"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> v</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> r</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>压水堆核电站是额定风速,风力发电机的额定输出功率,然后呢<我nline-formula id="inf18"> <math id="m22"> <mrow> <mi> ω</mi> <mrow> <mo> (</mo> <mrow> <msub> <mi> v</mi> <mi> t</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mo> )</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>可以近似为线性函数:</p> <div class="equationImageholder"> <math id="e5"> <mrow> <mi> ω</mi> <mrow> <mo> (</mo> <mrow> <msub> <mi> v</mi> <mi> t</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mo> )</mo> </mrow> <mo> =</mo> <msubsup> <mi> P</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> r</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> w</mi> </msubsup> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi> v</mi> <mi> t</mi> </msub> <mo> −</mo> <msub> <mi> v</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> c</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> 我</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <msub> <mi> v</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> r</mi> </msub> <mo> −</mo> <msub> <mi> v</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> c</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> 我</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mspace width="5em"></mspace> <mo stretchy="false"> (</mo> <mn> 5</mn> <mo stretchy="false"> )</mo> </math> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <p class="indent"></p> <h3 class="pt0">2.3蓄热水箱原理吸收风能</h3><p class="mb0">从热电单元的操作特征,可以看出,热输出之间的耦合关系和电气单元的输出。热电联合发电的调整范围是有限的热输出。在恒定的加热功率下,其热功率将限制的调整范围相应的发电。因此,当夜间风力发电输出高,热负荷需求很大,迫使火电机组的输出将会过高,和风力发电系统不能提供足够的网格空间。出于这个原因,如果一个热电厂配有蓄热水箱,在nonwind功耗时期,火电机组也将热量储存在蓄热水箱,同时满足热负荷,和风能消费期间,火电机组的输出将减少供应热量。不足的部分是补充的热量储存在蓄热水箱(<一个href="#B22">Zhang et al ., 2022</一个>),这样系统可以吸收更多的风能。</p> <h3 class="pt0">2.4综合火力发电厂系统模型</h3><p class="mb0"><a href="#F3">图3</一个>是一个集成的系统结构图火力发电厂,包括蓄热装置,火电机组,传统的单位,和风力涡轮机。综合火力发电厂结合火力发电,风力发电,和蓄热水箱系统,可以实现thermo-decoupling。nonconsumption风能期间,当电力负荷高,火电机组的输出增加,多余的热量是由热存储设备存储;在晚上,当使用的负载降低和风力发电输出高,减少火电机组的输出来减少这增加风系统的功耗。在该国的背景下努力实现的目标“碳峰值和碳中立,”一个碳排放交易机制的引入到系统可以进一步提高系统的风电消费能力和减少系统的公司<sub>2</sub>排放。</p> <div class="DottedLine"></div> <div class="Imageheaders"> 图3</d我v><d我vclass="FigureDesc"> <a href="//www.thespel.com/files/Articles/1050641/fenrg-10-1050641-HTML-r3/image_m/fenrg-10-1050641-g003.jpg" name="Figure3" target="_blank"><img id="F3" alt="www.雷竞技rebatfrontiersin.org" class="lazy" data-src="//www.thespel.com/files/Articles/1050641/fenrg-10-1050641-HTML-r3/image_m/fenrg-10-1050641-g003.jpg"></a> <p><b>图3</b>。系统模型。</p> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="DottedLine"></div> <h3 class="pt0">2.5循序渐进的碳排放交易机制</h3><p class="mb0">在中国电力行业中,基线方法主要用于确定系统的碳排放配额(<一个href="#B10">刘et al ., 2021</一个>)。集成的热电厂针对增加风能消费率,火电机组的碳排放源。为了简化模型,假设火电机组的碳排放是成正比的输出,并根据初始分配,当实际的碳排放量超过初始分配,多余的金额将以循序渐进的价格购买。</p> <div class="equationImageholder"> <math id="e6"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> C</mi> <mn> 1</mn> </msub> <mo> =</mo> <msub> <mi> P</mi> <mn> 1</mn> </msub> <msup> <mi> ς</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> e</mi> </msup> <mo> +</mo> <mi> H</mi> <msup> <mi> ς</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> h</mi> </msup> </mrow> <mspace width="5em"></mspace> <mo stretchy="false"> (</mo> <mn> 6</mn> <mo stretchy="false"> )</mo> </math> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <p class="noindent">在哪里<我nline-formula id="inf19"> <math id="m25"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> C</mi> <mn> 1</mn> </msub> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>代表的碳排放和总量<我nline-formula id="inf20"> <math id="m26"> <mrow> <msup> <mi> ς</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> h</mi> </msup> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>和<我nline-formula id="inf21"> <math id="m27"> <mrow> <msup> <mi> ς</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> e</mi> </msup> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>代表单位加热功率和发电的碳排放强度,分别。</p> <p class="mb0">以下公式表示设备的碳排放津贴:</p> <div class="equationImageholder"> <math id="e7"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> C</mi> <mn> 2</mn> </msub> <mo> =</mo> <msub> <mi> P</mi> <mn> 1</mn> </msub> <msup> <mi> ξ</mi> <mi> e</mi> </msup> <mo> +</mo> <mi> H</mi> <msup> <mi> ξ</mi> <mi> h</mi> </msup> </mrow> <mspace width="5em"></mspace> <mo stretchy="false"> (</mo> <mn> 7</mn> <mo stretchy="false"> )</mo> </math> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <p class="noindent">在哪里<我nline-formula id="inf22"> <math id="m29"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> C</mi> <mn> 2</mn> </msub> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>代表碳排放津贴和总额<我nline-formula id="inf23"> <math id="m30"> <mrow> <msup> <mi> ξ</mi> <mi> h</mi> </msup> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>和<我nline-formula id="inf24"> <math id="m31"> <mrow> <msup> <mi> ξ</mi> <mi> e</mi> </msup> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>代表单位热力单位发电和碳排放津贴,分别。</p> <p class="mb0">根据实际的碳排放量之间的关系和碳配额分配免费的,循序渐进的交易机制建立在本文中所示<一个href="#F4">图4</一个>。横坐标是实际的碳排放量的比例超过了碳配额分配免费的,比例越高,碳交易价格越高。</p> <div class="DottedLine"></div> <div class="Imageheaders"> 图4</d我v><d我vclass="FigureDesc"> <a href="//www.thespel.com/files/Articles/1050641/fenrg-10-1050641-HTML-r3/image_m/fenrg-10-1050641-g004.jpg" name="Figure4" target="_blank"><img id="F4" alt="www.雷竞技rebatfrontiersin.org" class="lazy" data-src="//www.thespel.com/files/Articles/1050641/fenrg-10-1050641-HTML-r3/image_m/fenrg-10-1050641-g004.jpg"></a> <p><b>图4</b>。加强碳排放交易的原理图。</p> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="DottedLine"></div> <p class="mb0">我们制定碳交易价格体系根据加强碳排放交易机制。当系统的实际碳排放量超过或低于初始分配,实现循序渐进的价格购买/出售多余的碳排放配额。具体表达式如下(<一个href="#B4">崔。et al ., 2018)</一个>)</p> <div class="equationImageholder"> <math id="e8"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> T</mi> <msub> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> c</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> o</mi> </mrow> <mn> 2</mn> </msub> </msub> <mo> =</mo> <mrow> <mo> {</mo> <mtable columnalign="left"> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mo> −</mo> <mn> 60岁,0</mn> <mo> ≤</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi> C</mi> <mn> 2</mn> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <msub> <mi> C</mi> <mn> 1</mn> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo> −</mo> <mn> 1</mn> <mo> <</mo> <mn> 0.1</mn> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mo> −</mo> <mn> 65年,0.1</mn> <mo> ≤</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi> C</mi> <mn> 2</mn> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <msub> <mi> C</mi> <mn> 1</mn> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo> −</mo> <mn> 1</mn> <mo> <</mo> <mn> 0.2</mn> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mo> −</mo> <mn> 70年,0.2</mn> <mo> ≤</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi> C</mi> <mn> 2</mn> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <msub> <mi> C</mi> <mn> 1</mn> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo> −</mo> <mn> 1</mn> <mo> <</mo> <mn> 0.3</mn> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mn> 60岁,0</mn> <mo> ≤</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi> C</mi> <mn> 2</mn> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <msub> <mi> C</mi> <mn> 1</mn> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo> −</mo> <mn> 1</mn> <mo> <</mo> <mn> 0.1</mn> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mn> 65年,0.1</mn> <mo> ≤</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi> C</mi> <mn> 2</mn> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <msub> <mi> C</mi> <mn> 1</mn> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo> −</mo> <mn> 1</mn> <mo> <</mo> <mn> 0.2</mn> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mn> 70年,0.2</mn> <mo> ≤</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi> C</mi> <mn> 2</mn> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <msub> <mi> C</mi> <mn> 1</mn> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo> −</mo> <mn> 1</mn> <mo> <</mo> <mn> 0.3</mn> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mrow> <mspace width="5em"></mspace> <mo stretchy="false"> (</mo> <mn> 8</mn> <mo stretchy="false"> )</mo> </math> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <p class="mb0">碳交易成本是:</p> <div class="equationImageholder"> <math id="e9"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> F</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> c</mi> </msub> <mo> =</mo> <msub> <mi> T</mi> <msub> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> c</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> o</mi> </mrow> <mn> 2</mn> </msub> </msub> <mrow> <mo> (</mo> <mrow> <msub> <mi> C</mi> <mn> 1</mn> </msub> <mo> −</mo> <msub> <mi> C</mi> <mn> 2</mn> </msub> </mrow> <mo> )</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mspace width="5em"></mspace> <mo stretchy="false"> (</mo> <mn> 9</mn> <mo stretchy="false"> )</mo> </math> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <p class="indent"></p> <h3 class="pt0">2.6分析碳减排机制使用碳交易政策</h3><p class="mb0">电力行业的碳排放交易机制是使用市场调整方法促进低碳排放单位为主系统;高碳排放单位积极减少CO<sub>2</sub>排放,相当于提高风能的在线空间,进而有利于低碳电力的发展。<一个href="#F5">图5</一个>火电机组的成本图。可以看出,如果不引入碳交易机制,单位3和4将优先输出由于低单位成本的热能,和有限公司<sub>2</sub>发射单元三远高于单位4。但是因为没有碳交易成本限制,单位将三个公司<sub>2</sub>排放和持续很长一段时间,阻碍发展的低碳电力系统的运行。如果碳交易机制,介绍了单位高有限公司<sub>2</sub>需要承担更高的碳排放交易成本,而较低的单位有限公司<sub>2</sub>只需要承担低碳排放交易成本,使单位的总单位发电成本高3。对于单位2,在这个时候,较低的单位4和2有限公司<sub>2</sub>排放和良好的性能优先输出,促进系统来减少碳排放。</p> <div class="DottedLine"></div> <div class="Imageheaders"> 图5</d我v><d我vclass="FigureDesc"> <a href="//www.thespel.com/files/Articles/1050641/fenrg-10-1050641-HTML-r3/image_m/fenrg-10-1050641-g005.jpg" name="Figure5" target="_blank"><img id="F5" alt="www.雷竞技rebatfrontiersin.org" class="lazy" data-src="//www.thespel.com/files/Articles/1050641/fenrg-10-1050641-HTML-r3/image_m/fenrg-10-1050641-g005.jpg"></a> <p><b>图5</b>。火力发电厂的成本分析图表。</p> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="DottedLine"></div> <a id="h4" name="h4"></a> <h2>3优化配置模型的热电厂蓄热考虑碳交易</h2><h3class="pt0">3.1总体目标函数考虑蓄热水箱的成本</h3><p class="mb0">热电厂的最低总成本在一段日常调度目标函数,包括传统的燃料成本单位和热功率单位,每日的总成本转化为热量储罐和火力发电厂的碳交易成本,目标函数是:</p> <div class="equationImageholder"> <math id="e10"> <mrow> <mi> F</mi> <mo> =</mo> <mi> 最小值</mi> <mrow> <mo> (</mo> <mrow> <msub> <mi> F</mi> <mn> 1</mn> </msub> <mo> +</mo> <msub> <mi> F</mi> <mn> 2</mn> </msub> <mo> +</mo> <msub> <mi> F</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> c</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mo> )</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mspace width="5em"></mspace> <mo stretchy="false"> (</mo> <mn> 10</mn> <mo stretchy="false"> )</mo> </math> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="equationImageholder"> <math id="e11"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> F</mi> <mn> 1</mn> </msub> <mo> =</mo> <msub> <mi> f</mi> <mn> 1</mn> </msub> <mo> +</mo> <msub> <mi> f</mi> <mn> 2</mn> </msub> <mo> +</mo> <msub> <mi> f</mi> <mn> 3</mn> </msub> </mrow> <mspace width="5em"></mspace> <mo stretchy="false"> (</mo> <mn> 11</mn> <mo stretchy="false"> )</mo> </math> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="equationImageholder"> <math id="e12"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> F</mi> <mn> 2</mn> </msub> <mo> =</mo> <msub> <mi> C</mi> <mrow> <mi> h</mi> <mn> 2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo> +</mo> <msub> <mi> C</mi> <mrow> <mi> h</mi> <mn> 3</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mspace width="5em"></mspace> <mo stretchy="false"> (</mo> <mn> 12</mn> <mo stretchy="false"> )</mo> </math> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="equationImageholder"> <math id="e13"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> F</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> c</mi> </msub> <mo> =</mo> <msub> <mi> T</mi> <msub> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> c</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> o</mi> </mrow> <mn> 2</mn> </msub> </msub> <mrow> <mo> (</mo> <mrow> <msub> <mi> C</mi> <mn> 1</mn> </msub> <mo> −</mo> <msub> <mi> C</mi> <mn> 2</mn> </msub> </mrow> <mo> )</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mspace width="5em"></mspace> <mo stretchy="false"> (</mo> <mn> 13</mn> <mo stretchy="false"> )</mo> </math> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <p class="noindent">在哪里<我nline-formula id="inf25"> <math id="m38"> <mrow> <mi> F</mi> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>和<我nline-formula id="inf26"> <math id="m39"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> F</mi> <mn> 1</mn> </msub> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>代表系统的总成本和燃料成本的单位,分别<我nline-formula id="inf27"> <math id="m40"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> F</mi> <mn> 2</mn> </msub> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>代表了日用化工总成本转换后的蓄热水箱,和<我nline-formula id="inf28"> <math id="m41"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> F</mi> <mi> c</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>代表碳交易成本。</p> <h4>3.1.1燃料成本的单位</h4><p class="mb0">常规发电机组的燃料成本可以表示的二次方程生成的权力(<一个href="#B19">王et al ., 2022</一个>):</p> <div class="equationImageholder"> <math id="e14"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> f</mi> <mn> 1</mn> </msub> <mo> =</mo> <mrow> <munderover> <mstyle displaystyle="true"> <mo> ∑</mo> </mstyle> <mrow> <mi> j</mi> <mo> =</mo> <mn> 1</mn> </mrow> <mi> N</mi> </munderover> <mrow> <munderover> <mstyle displaystyle="true"> <mo> ∑</mo> </mstyle> <mrow> <mi> t</mi> <mo> =</mo> <mn> 1</mn> </mrow> <mi> T</mi> </munderover> <mrow> <msub> <mi> 一个</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> j</mi> </msub> <msubsup> <mi> P</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> j</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal"> t</mi> </mrow> <mn> 2</mn> </msubsup> </mrow> </mrow> </mrow> <mo> +</mo> <msub> <mi> b</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> j</mi> </msub> <msub> <mi> P</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> j</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal"> t</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo> +</mo> <msub> <mi> c</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> j</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mspace width="5em"></mspace> <mo stretchy="false"> (</mo> <mn> 14</mn> <mo stretchy="false"> )</mo> </math> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <p class="noindent">在哪里<我nline-formula id="inf29"> <math id="m43"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> P</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> j</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal"> t</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>代表了传统的电输出单元j在周期t和纯冷凝条件下<我nline-formula id="inf30"> <math id="m44"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> 一个</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> j</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>,<我nline-formula id="inf31"> <math id="m45"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> b</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> j</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>,<我nline-formula id="inf32"> <math id="m46"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> c</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> j</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>代表单位的煤炭消耗系数j。</p> <p class="mb0">外部加热的热源精疲力竭的蒸汽排放背压机组的汽轮机,和加热成本可以被认为是零。因此,燃料成本是一样的<一个href="#e9">Eq。9</一个>。</p> <p class="mb0">精疲力竭的火电机组的燃料成本是:</p> <div class="equationImageholder"> <math id="e15"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> f</mi> <mn> 3</mn> </msub> <mo> =</mo> <mrow> <munderover> <mstyle displaystyle="true"> <mo> ∑</mo> </mstyle> <mrow> <mi> j</mi> <mo> =</mo> <mn> 1</mn> </mrow> <mi> N</mi> </munderover> <mrow> <munderover> <mstyle displaystyle="true"> <mo> ∑</mo> </mstyle> <mrow> <mi> t</mi> <mo> =</mo> <mn> 1</mn> </mrow> <mi> T</mi> </munderover> <mrow> <msub> <mi> 一个</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> j</mi> </msub> <msubsup> <mi> P</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> j</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal"> t</mi> </mrow> <mn> 2</mn> </msubsup> </mrow> </mrow> </mrow> <mo> +</mo> <msub> <mi> b</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> j</mi> </msub> <msub> <mi> P</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> j</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal"> t</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo> +</mo> <msub> <mi> c</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> j</mi> </msub> <mo> =</mo> <msub> <mi> 一个</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> j</mi> </msub> <msup> <mrow> <mo> (</mo> <mrow> <msub> <mi> P</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> e</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> j</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal"> t</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo> +</mo> <msub> <mi> η</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> j</mi> </msub> <msub> <mi> H</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> j</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal"> t</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mo> )</mo> </mrow> <mn> 2</mn> </msup> <mo> +</mo> <msub> <mi> b</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> j</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo> (</mo> <mrow> <msub> <mi> P</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> e</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> j</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal"> t</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo> +</mo> <msub> <mi> η</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> j</mi> </msub> <msub> <mi> H</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> j</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal"> t</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mo> )</mo> </mrow> <mo> +</mo> <msub> <mi> c</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> j</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mspace width="5em"></mspace> <mo stretchy="false"> (</mo> <mn> 15</mn> <mo stretchy="false"> )</mo> </math> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <p class="noindent">在哪里<我nline-formula id="inf33"> <math id="m48"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> P</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> e</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> j</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal"> t</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>代表单位的净发电输出j在时间t,<我nline-formula id="inf34"> <math id="m49"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> H</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> j</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal"> t</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>代表的热输出extraction-type单位j在时间t,和<我nline-formula id="inf35"> <math id="m50"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> η</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> j</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>代表了热电比extraction-type火电机组j。</p> <h4>3.1.2蓄热水箱的成本</h4><p class="mb0">优化蓄热水箱的容量时,蓄热水箱的成本会有一定影响的整体运营经济综合火力发电厂和蓄热水箱的选择能力。因此,相关的成本必须充分考虑蓄热水箱。</p> <p class="mb0">最初的投资、建设、运营和维护成本占总成本的蓄热水箱。材料成本、安装和土地占领的所有方面的投资成本蓄热水箱。具体的分析和计算,请参考现有工程(<一个href="#B20">杨et al ., 2022</一个>)。</p> <div class="equationImageholder"> <math id="e16"> <mrow> <mo> {</mo> <mtable columnalign="left"> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msub> <mi> C</mi> <mrow> <mi> h</mi> <mn> 1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo> =</mo> <msub> <mi> V</mi> <mi> h</mi> </msub> <mo> *</mo> <mi> u</mi> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msub> <mi> C</mi> <mrow> <mi> h</mi> <mn> 2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo> =</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi> r</mi> <msup> <mrow> <mo> (</mo> <mrow> <mi> r</mi> <mo> +</mo> <mn> 1</mn> </mrow> <mo> )</mo> </mrow> <mi> n</mi> </msup> </mrow> <mrow> <mi> r</mi> <msup> <mrow> <mo> (</mo> <mrow> <mi> r</mi> <mo> +</mo> <mn> 1</mn> </mrow> <mo> )</mo> </mrow> <mi> n</mi> </msup> <mo> −</mo> <mn> 1</mn> </mrow> </mfrac> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi> C</mi> <mrow> <mi> h</mi> <mn> 1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mn> 365年</mn> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msub> <mi> C</mi> <mrow> <mi> h</mi> <mn> 3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo> =</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi> C</mi> <mrow> <mi> h</mi> <mn> 1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo> *</mo> <mi> ε</mi> </mrow> <mn> 365年</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> <mspace width="5em"></mspace> <mo stretchy="false"> (</mo> <mn> 16</mn> <mo stretchy="false"> )</mo> </math> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <p class="noindent">在哪里<我nline-formula id="inf36"> <math id="m52"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> F</mi> <mn> 2</mn> </msub> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>是每天的总成本转换后的蓄热水箱,<我nline-formula id="inf37"> <math id="m53"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> C</mi> <mrow> <mi> h</mi> <mn> 1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>总投资成本的蓄热水箱,<我nline-formula id="inf38"> <math id="m54"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> C</mi> <mrow> <mi> h</mi> <mn> 2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>是每日折旧费用从总投资成本,转换<我nline-formula id="inf39"> <math id="m55"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> C</mi> <mrow> <mi> h</mi> <mn> 3</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>是蓄热水箱的日常维护成本,<我nline-formula id="inf40"> <math id="m56"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> V</mi> <mi> h</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>蓄热水箱的容量,<我nline-formula id="inf41"> <math id="m57"> <mrow> <mi> ε</mi> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>是年度。维护和投资成本的比例<我nline-formula id="inf42"> <math id="m58"> <mrow> <mi> n</mi> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>,<我nline-formula id="inf43"> <math id="m59"> <mrow> <mi> r</mi> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>,<我nline-formula id="inf44"> <math id="m60"> <mrow> <mi> u</mi> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>代表了使用寿命,折旧率,分别和单位工程造价。</p> <h4>3.1.3碳交易成本</h4><p class="mb0">这部分是指<一个href="#e7">公式(7)</一个>这里将不会重复。</p> <h3 class="pt0">3.2限制</h3><h4>3。2。1能量平衡约束</h4><d我vclass="equationImageholder"> <math id="e17"> <mrow> <mo> {</mo> <mtable columnalign="left"> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mrow> <munderover> <mstyle displaystyle="true"> <mo> ∑</mo> </mstyle> <mrow> <mi> j</mi> <mo> =</mo> <mn> 1</mn> </mrow> <mi> N</mi> </munderover> <msub> <mi> P</mi> <mrow> <mn> 1</mn> <mo> ,</mo> <mi> j</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal"> t</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mo> +</mo> <mrow> <munderover> <mstyle displaystyle="true"> <mo> ∑</mo> </mstyle> <mrow> <mi> j</mi> <mo> =</mo> <mn> 1</mn> </mrow> <mi> 米</mi> </munderover> <msub> <mi> P</mi> <mrow> <mn> 2</mn> <mo> ,</mo> <mi> j</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal"> t</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mo> +</mo> <mrow> <munderover> <mstyle displaystyle="true"> <mo> ∑</mo> </mstyle> <mrow> <mi> j</mi> <mo> =</mo> <mn> 1</mn> </mrow> <mi> R</mi> </munderover> <msub> <mi> P</mi> <mrow> <mn> 3</mn> <mo> ,</mo> <mi> j</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal"> t</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mo> +</mo> <msub> <mi> P</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> f</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> d</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal"> t</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo> =</mo> <msub> <mi> P</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> z</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal"> t</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mrow> <munderover> <mstyle displaystyle="true"> <mo> ∑</mo> </mstyle> <mrow> <mi> j</mi> <mo> =</mo> <mn> 1</mn> </mrow> <mi> N</mi> </munderover> <msub> <mi> H</mi> <mrow> <mn> 1</mn> <mo> ,</mo> <mi> j</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal"> t</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mo> +</mo> <mrow> <munderover> <mstyle displaystyle="true"> <mo> ∑</mo> </mstyle> <mrow> <mi> j</mi> <mo> =</mo> <mn> 1</mn> </mrow> <mi> 米</mi> </munderover> <msub> <mi> H</mi> <mrow> <mn> 2</mn> <mo> ,</mo> <mi> j</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal"> t</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mo> +</mo> <msub> <mi> H</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> c</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> r</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal"> t</mi> <mo> −</mo> <mn> 1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo> −</mo> <msub> <mi> H</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> c</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> r</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal"> t</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo> =</mo> <msub> <mi> H</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> z</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal"> t</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> <mspace width="5em"></mspace> <mo stretchy="false"> (</mo> <mn> 17</mn> <mo stretchy="false"> )</mo> </math> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <p class="noindent">在哪里<我nline-formula id="inf45"> <math id="m62"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> P</mi> <mrow> <mn> 1</mn> <mo> ,</mo> <mi> j</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal"> t</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>,<我nline-formula id="inf46"> <math id="m63"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> P</mi> <mrow> <mn> 2</mn> <mo> ,</mo> <mi> j</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal"> t</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>,<我nline-formula id="inf47"> <math id="m64"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> P</mi> <mrow> <mn> 3</mn> <mo> ,</mo> <mi> j</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal"> t</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>代表抽汽的电输出,背压,和传统的单位在时间t,分别;<我nline-formula id="inf48"> <math id="m65"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> H</mi> <mrow> <mn> 1</mn> <mo> ,</mo> <mi> j</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal"> t</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>和<我nline-formula id="inf49"> <math id="m66"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> H</mi> <mrow> <mn> 2</mn> <mo> ,</mo> <mi> j</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal"> t</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>代表的热输出抽汽背压单位在时间t,分别;<em>N, M, R</em>代表的数量提取单元,背压单元,和传统的单位系统,分别;和<我nline-formula id="inf50"> <math id="m67"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> P</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> z</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal"> t</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>,<我nline-formula id="inf51"> <math id="m68"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> H</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> z</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal"> t</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>,<我nline-formula id="inf52"> <math id="m69"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> P</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> f</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> d</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal"> t</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>,<我nline-formula id="inf53"> <math id="m70"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> H</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> c</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> r</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal"> t</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>代表的总电、热负荷、风力发电输出和余热的热能储罐。当<我nline-formula id="inf54"> <math id="m71"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> H</mi> <mrow> <mi> c</mi> <mi> r</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi> t</mi> <mo> −</mo> <mn> 1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo> −</mo> <msub> <mi> H</mi> <mrow> <mi> c</mi> <mi> r</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi> t</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo> ></mo> <mn> 0</mn> <mo> ,</mo> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>蓄热水箱释放热量;当<我nline-formula id="inf55"> <math id="m72"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> H</mi> <mrow> <mi> c</mi> <mi> r</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi> t</mi> <mo> −</mo> <mn> 1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo> −</mo> <msub> <mi> H</mi> <mrow> <mi> c</mi> <mi> r</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi> t</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo> <</mo> <mn> 0</mn> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>,蓄热水箱储存热量。</p> <h4>3.2.2单元操作约束</h4><p class="mb0">发电机组输出尺寸和攀爬的约束。</p> <div class="equationImageholder"> <math id="e18"> <mrow> <mo> {</mo> <mtable columnalign="left"> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msub> <mi> P</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> h</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi> 最小值</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo> ≤</mo> <msub> <mi> P</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> h</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal"> j</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal"> t</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo> ≤</mo> <msub> <mi> P</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> h</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi> 马克斯</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msub> <mi> P</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> h</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal"> j</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal"> t</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo> −</mo> <msub> <mi> P</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> h</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal"> j</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal"> t</mi> <mo> −</mo> <mn> 1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo> ≤</mo> <msub> <mi> P</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> h</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> u</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msub> <mi> P</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> h</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal"> j</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal"> t</mi> <mo> −</mo> <mn> 1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo> −</mo> <msub> <mi> P</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> h</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal"> j</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal"> t</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo> ≤</mo> <msub> <mi> P</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> h</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> d</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> <mspace width="5em"></mspace> <mo stretchy="false"> (</mo> <mn> 18</mn> <mo stretchy="false"> )</mo> </math> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <p class="noindent">在哪里<我nline-formula id="inf56"> <math id="m74"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> P</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> h</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi> 马克斯</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>,<我nline-formula id="inf57"> <math id="m75"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> P</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> h</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi> 最小值</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>,<我nline-formula id="inf58"> <math id="m76"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> P</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> h</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> d</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>,<我nline-formula id="inf59"> <math id="m77"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> P</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> h</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> u</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>最大和最小的发电和下行和上行的力量单元,分别。</p> <p class="mb0">筋疲力尽的火电机组电气输出操作约束。</p> <div class="equationImageholder"> <math id="e19"> <mrow> <mo> {</mo> <mtable columnalign="left"> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msub> <mi> P</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> h</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal"> j</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal"> t</mi> <mo> −</mo> <mn> 1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo> −</mo> <msub> <mi> P</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> h</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal"> j</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal"> t</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo> ≤</mo> <msub> <mi> P</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> d</mi> </msub> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msub> <mi> P</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> j</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi> 最小值</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo> ≤</mo> <msub> <mi> P</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> j</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal"> t</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo> ≤</mo> <msub> <mi> P</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> j</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi> 马克斯</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msub> <mi> P</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> j</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal"> t</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo> −</mo> <msub> <mi> P</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> j</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal"> t</mi> <mo> −</mo> <mn> 1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo> ≤</mo> <msub> <mi> P</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> u</mi> </msub> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mi> 马克斯</mi> <mrow> <mo> (</mo> <mrow> <mi> θ</mi> <msub> <mi> H</mi> <mn> 2</mn> </msub> <mo> +</mo> <mi> β</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <msub> <mi> P</mi> <mi> 最小值</mi> </msub> <mo> −</mo> <mi> η</mi> <msub> <mi> H</mi> <mn> 2</mn> </msub> </mrow> <mo> )</mo> </mrow> <mo> ≤</mo> <msub> <mi> P</mi> <mn> 2</mn> </msub> <mo> ≤</mo> <msub> <mi> P</mi> <mi> 马克斯</mi> </msub> <mo> −</mo> <mi> η</mi> <msub> <mi> H</mi> <mn> 2</mn> </msub> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> <mspace width="5em"></mspace> <mo stretchy="false"> (</mo> <mn> 19</mn> <mo stretchy="false"> )</mo> </math> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <p class="noindent">在哪里<我nline-formula id="inf60"> <math id="m79"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> P</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> j</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi> 马克斯</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>,<我nline-formula id="inf61"> <math id="m80"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> P</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> j</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi> 最小值</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>,<我nline-formula id="inf62"> <math id="m81"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> P</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> d</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>,<我nline-formula id="inf63"> <math id="m82"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> P</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> u</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>是最大和最小发电和——和上坡的力量注入火电机组在纯冷凝条件下,分别。</p> <p class="mb0">热输出操作约束Exhaust-Type火电单元。</p> <div class="equationImageholder"> <math id="e20"> <mrow> <mo> {</mo> <mtable columnalign="left"> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mn> 0</mn> <mo> ≤</mo> <mi> H</mi> <mo> ≤</mo> <msub> <mi> H</mi> <mi> 马克斯</mi> </msub> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msub> <mi> H</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> j</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal"> t</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo> −</mo> <msub> <mi> H</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> j</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal"> t</mi> <mo> −</mo> <mn> 1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo> ≤</mo> <msub> <mi> H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> u</mi> </msub> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msub> <mi> H</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> j</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal"> t</mi> <mo> −</mo> <mn> 1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo> −</mo> <msub> <mi> H</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> j</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal"> t</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo> ≤</mo> <msub> <mi> H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> d</mi> </msub> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> <mspace width="5em"></mspace> <mo stretchy="false"> (</mo> <mn> 20.</mn> <mo stretchy="false"> )</mo> </math> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <p class="noindent">在哪里<我nline-formula id="inf64"> <math id="m84"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> H</mi> <mi> 马克斯</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>,<我nline-formula id="inf65"> <math id="m85"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> u</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>,<我nline-formula id="inf66"> <math id="m86"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> d</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>最大热功率和上、下热气体的增加权力热电机,分别。</p> <h4>3.2.3风力发电输出约束</h4><d我vclass="equationImageholder"> <math id="e21"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> P</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> f</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> d</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal"> t</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo> ≤</mo> <msub> <mi> P</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> f</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> d</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> y</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal"> t</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mspace width="5em"></mspace> <mo stretchy="false"> (</mo> <mn> 21</mn> <mo stretchy="false"> )</mo> </math> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <p class="noindent">在哪里<我nline-formula id="inf67"> <math id="m88"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> P</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> f</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> d</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> y</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal"> t</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>是预测风力发电。</p> <h4>3.2.4操作约束的蓄热水箱</h4><p class="mb0">蓄热、蓄热水箱的热释放率的约束:</p> <div class="equationImageholder"> <math id="e22"> <mrow> <mo> {</mo> <mtable columnalign="left"> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msub> <mi> H</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> c</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> r</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal"> t</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo> −</mo> <msub> <mi> H</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> c</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> r</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal"> t</mi> <mo> −</mo> <mn> 1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo> ≤</mo> <msub> <mi> H</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> c</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> r</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi> 马克斯</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msub> <mi> H</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> c</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> r</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal"> t</mi> <mo> −</mo> <mn> 1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo> −</mo> <msub> <mi> H</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> c</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> r</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal"> t</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo> ≤</mo> <msub> <mi> H</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> f</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> r</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi> 马克斯</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> <mspace width="5em"></mspace> <mo stretchy="false"> (</mo> <mn> 22</mn> <mo stretchy="false"> )</mo> </math> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <p class="noindent">在哪里<我nline-formula id="inf68"> <math id="m90"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> H</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> c</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> r</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi> 马克斯</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>和<我nline-formula id="inf69"> <math id="m91"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> H</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal"> f</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> r</mi> <mo> ,</mo> <mi> 马克斯</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>是最大的蓄热率和热释放蓄热水箱,分别。</p> <a id="h5" name="h5"></a> <h2>4例仿真</h2><h3class="pt0">4.1案例数据</h3><p class="mb0">本文以某地区的供暖季节的“三北”为例进行仿真分析。这个区域包括两个精疲力竭发热单元,两个常规单元,两个背压发热单元,风力发电站装机容量300兆瓦。2000年装机容量比例符合实际情况的“三北”地区,和系统的热负荷在供暖季节几乎是常数。假设它是1.5×103 mw,派遣单位时间是1 h,调度周期T是24小时。<我nline-formula id="inf70"> <math id="m92"> <mrow> <mi> η</mi> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>,<我nline-formula id="inf71"> <math id="m93"> <mrow> <mi> β</mi> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>,<我nline-formula id="inf72"> <math id="m94"> <mrow> <mi> θ</mi> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>分别取0.15,0,0.75;<我nline-formula id="inf73"> <math id="m95"> <mrow> <mi> u</mi> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>需要0.75 MW / h的价值。根据国内外相关数据和案例(<一个href="#B2">曹et al ., 2020</一个>),建设单位蓄热水箱的价格是400000元/兆瓦时,使用寿命<我nline-formula id="inf74"> <math id="m96"> <mrow> <mi> n</mi> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>是30年,是一年一度的维护成本率0.5%。单位文献所示的参数(<一个href="#B5">丹麦能源署,2010年</一个>)。电力系统的负载功率预测所示<一个href="#F6">图6</一个>所示,风电功率预测<一个href="#F7">图7</一个>。在本文中,使用Matlab工具箱最大化策略优化的解决方案。</p> <div class="DottedLine"></div> <div class="Imageheaders"> 图6</d我v><d我vclass="FigureDesc"> <a href="//www.thespel.com/files/Articles/1050641/fenrg-10-1050641-HTML-r3/image_m/fenrg-10-1050641-g006.jpg" name="Figure6" target="_blank"><img id="F6" alt="www.雷竞技rebatfrontiersin.org" class="lazy" data-src="//www.thespel.com/files/Articles/1050641/fenrg-10-1050641-HTML-r3/image_m/fenrg-10-1050641-g006.jpg"></a> <p><b>图6</b>。电力负荷预测的力量。</p> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="DottedLine"></div> <div class="Imageheaders"> 图7</d我v><d我vclass="FigureDesc"> <a href="//www.thespel.com/files/Articles/1050641/fenrg-10-1050641-HTML-r3/image_m/fenrg-10-1050641-g007.jpg" name="Figure7" target="_blank"><img id="F7" alt="www.雷竞技rebatfrontiersin.org" class="lazy" data-src="//www.thespel.com/files/Articles/1050641/fenrg-10-1050641-HTML-r3/image_m/fenrg-10-1050641-g007.jpg"></a> <p><b>图7</b>。预测风力发电。</p> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="DottedLine"></div> <p class="mb0">为了验证蓄热水箱的有效性在改善系统的能力吸收风能,减少有限公司<sub>2</sub>发射系统,提高经济的背景下,碳交易,操作的结果在不同的操作场景进行了分析和比较,场景1是本文提出的优化。方法:场景如下:1)场景1:安装蓄热水箱测试传统碳交易成本,2)场景2:安装系统蓄热水箱不考虑碳交易成本,和3)场景3:不安装蓄热水箱和测试系统的碳交易成本。</p> <h3 class="pt0">4.2仿真分析</h3><p class="mb0">满足的约束条件下目标函数和电力平衡,会有每个单元所示的输出<一个href="#F8">图8</一个>。由于本文主要研究风系统的功耗,只有风力发电系统的输出将分别作为例证,即系统的风力发电。消费情况:根据碳交易成本之间的关系和每个单元的输出,有限公司<sub>2</sub>火力发电厂的排放单位,和碳交易成本的作用下,与高效、低碳排放的单位将优先输出,这可以有效地减少系统的有限公司<sub>2</sub>排放。日常化学蓄热水箱的成本是由蓄热水箱的容量。容量越大,成本越高,但消耗更多的风能。火力发电厂的总成本可以用来比较每个场景的经济学。</p> <div class="DottedLine"></div> <div class="Imageheaders"> 图8</d我v><d我vclass="FigureDesc"> <a href="//www.thespel.com/files/Articles/1050641/fenrg-10-1050641-HTML-r3/image_m/fenrg-10-1050641-g008.jpg" name="Figure8" target="_blank"><img id="F8" alt="www.雷竞技rebatfrontiersin.org" class="lazy" data-src="//www.thespel.com/files/Articles/1050641/fenrg-10-1050641-HTML-r3/image_m/fenrg-10-1050641-g008.jpg"></a> <p><b>图8</b>。每个单元的输出。</p> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="DottedLine"></div> <p class="mb0">我们可以看到<一个href="#F9">图9</一个>场景1的碳交易成本是36000元;因为场景,场景三个不考虑系统碳交易成本、碳交易成本为0元。场景1和2相同的蓄热能力的坦克;因此,蓄热水箱的日用化工成本在两个场景是51000元。在场景3中,因为没有蓄热水箱安装,蓄热水箱的日用化工成本为0。单位的燃料成本在场景1中,2和3是380.17,428.06,和487.34一万元,分别;大会是389.95,433.19和487.34一万元,分别虽然场景1的碳交易成本高于场景2,场景1的总成本是441000元不到的场景2,因为场景1消耗更多的风能,减少火电机组的强迫输出。因此,火电机组的燃料成本小于场景2。虽然场景3只考虑单位的燃料成本,迫使单元的输出太高,因为没有蓄热水箱加热,协助单位和风电消费严重不足;因此,总成本是高于场景1和2。 To sum up, the economy of thermal power plants has improved.</p> <div class="DottedLine"></div> <div class="Imageheaders"> 图9</d我v><d我vclass="FigureDesc"> <a href="//www.thespel.com/files/Articles/1050641/fenrg-10-1050641-HTML-r3/image_m/fenrg-10-1050641-g009.jpg" name="Figure9" target="_blank"><img id="F9" alt="www.雷竞技rebatfrontiersin.org" class="lazy" data-src="//www.thespel.com/files/Articles/1050641/fenrg-10-1050641-HTML-r3/image_m/fenrg-10-1050641-g009.jpg"></a> <p><b>图9</b>。成本比较的三个场景。</p> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="DottedLine"></div> <p class="mb0">我们可以看到<一个href="#F10">图10</一个>、有限公司<sub>2</sub>场景1的发射是18097 .76t,有限公司<sub>2</sub>场景2是20311 .48t,发射和有限公司<sub>2</sub>发射的场景3是24137 .21t。这样做的原因是,第一个场景认为系统碳交易成本,迫使低碳排放单位优先输出,减少系统有限公司<sub>2</sub>排放。另一方面,风能是一种清洁能源,和消费的风力发电系统在场景1高于在场景2中,这样可以减少火电机组的输出,减少了一代有限公司<sub>2</sub>。</p> <div class="DottedLine"></div> <div class="Imageheaders"> 图10</d我v><d我vclass="FigureDesc"> <a href="//www.thespel.com/files/Articles/1050641/fenrg-10-1050641-HTML-r3/image_m/fenrg-10-1050641-g010.jpg" name="Figure10" target="_blank"><img id="F10" alt="www.雷竞技rebatfrontiersin.org" class="lazy" data-src="//www.thespel.com/files/Articles/1050641/fenrg-10-1050641-HTML-r3/image_m/fenrg-10-1050641-g010.jpg"></a> <p><b>图10</b>。公司的比较<sub>2</sub>排放。</p> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="DottedLine"></div> <p class="mb0"><a href="#F11">图11</一个>消费是风力发电的比较三种情况下相同的蓄热能力。可以看出,风力发电的消费场景1高于在场景2和3中,场景2高于场景3,表明蓄热水箱可以提高风系统的功耗;场景1高于场景2,表明碳交易还可以提高风力系统的功耗。我们可以看到<一个href="#F11">图11</一个>和<一个href="#F12">图12</一个>,从早上九点到晚上22:00点。,duetotheh我gh electricity load, the system is in the nonwind power consumption period; therefore, the thermal power unit can increase the output, and the excess heat is stored in the heat storage tank. The heat storage tank is in a heat storage state for use at night. From 23:00 p.m. to 8:00 a.m. the next day, the power load of the system is low and the wind power output is too large. At this time, part of the heat load is provided by the heat storage tank, and the other part is provided by the thermal power plant, which effectively reduces the forced output of the unit.</p> <div class="DottedLine"></div> <div class="Imageheaders"> 图11</d我v><d我vclass="FigureDesc"> <a href="//www.thespel.com/files/Articles/1050641/fenrg-10-1050641-HTML-r3/image_m/fenrg-10-1050641-g011.jpg" name="Figure11" target="_blank"><img id="F11" alt="www.雷竞技rebatfrontiersin.org" class="lazy" data-src="//www.thespel.com/files/Articles/1050641/fenrg-10-1050641-HTML-r3/image_m/fenrg-10-1050641-g011.jpg"></a> <p><b>图11</b>。风力发电的比较消费三个场景。</p> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="DottedLine"></div> <div class="Imageheaders"> 图12</d我v><d我vclass="FigureDesc"> <a href="//www.thespel.com/files/Articles/1050641/fenrg-10-1050641-HTML-r3/image_m/fenrg-10-1050641-g012.jpg" name="Figure12" target="_blank"><img id="F12" alt="www.雷竞技rebatfrontiersin.org" class="lazy" data-src="//www.thespel.com/files/Articles/1050641/fenrg-10-1050641-HTML-r3/image_m/fenrg-10-1050641-g012.jpg"></a> <p><b>图12</b>。蓄热水箱的输出。</p> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="DottedLine"></div> <p class="mb0"><a href="#F13">图13</一个>,<一个href="#F14">14</一个>显示风电消费的比较由不同的蓄热槽能力在场景1和场景2,分别。可以看出,蓄热水箱的容量越大,系统越能吸收风能。在场景1中,当蓄热水箱的容量为837.856兆瓦,系统可以完全吸收风能。蓄热水箱的容量来实现完整的消费场景3 166.682兆瓦的风力发电高于场景1实现完整的风电消费。考虑到热储罐的容量越大,其投资成本和维护成本就越高。在实际工程应用中,最佳的蓄热能力普遍采用。</p> <div class="DottedLine"></div> <div class="Imageheaders"> 图13</d我v><d我vclass="FigureDesc"> <a href="//www.thespel.com/files/Articles/1050641/fenrg-10-1050641-HTML-r3/image_m/fenrg-10-1050641-g013.jpg" name="Figure13" target="_blank"><img id="F13" alt="www.雷竞技rebatfrontiersin.org" class="lazy" data-src="//www.thespel.com/files/Articles/1050641/fenrg-10-1050641-HTML-r3/image_m/fenrg-10-1050641-g013.jpg"></a> <p><b>图13</b>。场景1比较风电消费不同的能力。</p> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="DottedLine"></div> <div class="Imageheaders"> 图14</d我v><d我vclass="FigureDesc"> <a href="//www.thespel.com/files/Articles/1050641/fenrg-10-1050641-HTML-r3/image_m/fenrg-10-1050641-g014.jpg" name="Figure14" target="_blank"><img id="F14" alt="www.雷竞技rebatfrontiersin.org" class="lazy" data-src="//www.thespel.com/files/Articles/1050641/fenrg-10-1050641-HTML-r3/image_m/fenrg-10-1050641-g014.jpg"></a> <p><b>图14</b>。场景2的比较风电消费不同的能力。</p> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="DottedLine"></div> <p class="mb0">总之,蓄热槽优化的背景下,加强碳交易不仅可以增加风系统的能耗,减少有限公司<sub>2</sub>火力发电厂的排放也提高热电厂的整体经济。</p> <a id="h6" name="h6"></a> <h2>5的结论</h2><p class="mb15">为了有效降低有限公司<sub>2</sub>热电厂排放,提高风电消费和经济能力,本文提出了一种优化方法基于热储罐的风电消费的背景下,加强碳排放交易。下面的结论是通过仿真分析的例子。</p> <p style="margin-left: 2em;text-indent:-0.7em;margin-top: 0em;margin-bottom: 0em;">1)蓄热水箱的安装在火力发电厂可以实现一定程度的解耦火电机组的“加热和电”操作模式,提高火电机组的运行灵活性,并降低的强制输出由于供热系统。因此,我们必须提高系统接受风能空间,提高系统的经济性,减少有限公司<sub>2</sub>系统的排放。</p> <p style="margin-left: 2em;text-indent:-0.7em;margin-top: 0em;margin-bottom: 0em;">2)的优化热储罐在碳交易的背景下,不仅极大地提高了吸收风能系统的能力,减少了有限公司<sub>2</sub>火力发电厂的排放量,但也提高了整体经济的火力发电厂。</p> <p style="margin-left: 2em;text-indent:-0.7em;margin-top: 0em;margin-bottom: 0em;">3)热电厂的能力吸收风能的蓄热水箱的升力系统对其蓄热能力有关。在实际应用程序中,蓄热装置的容量应根据实际情况,合理配置系统风力涡轮机等能力。</p> <p class="mb15">本文的主要目的是提高风能的利用率,减少有限公司<sub>2</sub>电力行业的排放。通过这样做,强制输出热电发电可以减少,以及电力系统可以集成到碳排放交易系统。这可能侵犯传统发电厂的发电利益,和计划将阻碍;因此,政府需要对电力系统改革的有力支持。</p> <a id="h7" name="h7"></a> <h2>数据可用性声明</h2><p class="mb15">最初的贡献提出了研究中都包含在这篇文章/补充材料,并进一步调查可以针对相应的作者。</p> <a id="h8" name="h8"></a> <h2>作者的贡献</h2><p class="mb0">JH的模型、模拟和写作。ZY促成了方法。WW同样贡献的编辑文章和讨论。SH导致提供的文献分析和评论。</p> <a id="h9" name="h9"></a> <h2>资金</h2><p class="mb0">这项工作是支持的开放项目计划的新疆维吾尔自治区重点实验室(2022 d04081)和中国国家自然科学基金(52067020)。</p> <a id="h10" name="h10"></a> <h2>的利益冲突</h2><p class="mb0">作者声明,这项研究是在没有进行任何商业或财务关系可能被视为一个潜在的利益冲突。</p> <a id="h11" name="h11"></a> <h2>出版商的注意</h2><p class="mb15">本文表达的所有索赔仅代表作者,不一定代表的附属组织,或那些出版商编辑和评论员。任何产品,可以评估在这篇文章中,或声称,可能是由其制造商,不保证或认可的出版商。</p> <a id="h12" name="h12"></a> <h2>引用</h2><d我vclass="References"> <p class="ReferencesCopy1"><a name="B1" id="B1"></a>曹,L。,Wei, D., and Dong, E. 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Research on climatic characteristics and development potential of wind energy resources in China[J].<em>j·索尔能源。</em>42 (06),409 - 418。doi: 10.19912 / j.0254 - 0096. - tynxb.2020 - 0130</p> <p class="ReferencesCopy2"><a href="https://doi.org/10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2020-0130">CrossRef全文</一个>|<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=Research+on+climatic+characteristics+and+development+potential+of+wind+energy+resources+in+China%5BJ%5D&btnG=">谷歌学术搜索</一个></p> </div> </div> <div class="thinLineM20"></div> <div class="AbstractSummary"> <p><span>关键词:</span>蓄热、热电联产、热解耦,风力发电消耗,加强碳排放交易</p> <p><span>引用:</span>侯J,元Z,王他W和S(2023)优化方法基于热储罐的风电消费的背景下,加强碳排放交易。<em>前面。能源Res。</em>10:1050641。doi: 10.3389 / fenrg.2022.1050641</p> <p id="timestamps"><span>收到:</span>2022年9月22日;<span>接受:</span>2022年11月07;<br><span>发表:</span>2023年1月19日。</p> <div> <p>编辑:</p> <a href="https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/1308515/overview">默罕默德·默罕默德</一个>嗯Al-Qura大学沙特阿拉伯</d我v><d我v><p>审核:</p> <a href="https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/1314704/overview">彭日成欣</一个>、沈阳工程学院、中国<br><一个href="https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/2066196/overview">尤金Chaikovskaya</一个>,乌克兰敖德萨国立理工大学<br><一个href="https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/2074754/overview">亚历山大kl</一个>米elentiev能源系统研究所(RAS),俄罗斯</d我v><p><span>版权</span>©2023侯元,小王和他。这是一个开放分布式根据文章<一个rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">知识共享归属许可(CC)。</一个>使用、分发或复制在其他论坛是允许的,提供了原始作者(年代)和著作权人(s)认为,最初发表在这个期刊引用,按照公认的学术实践。没有使用、分发或复制是不符合这些条件的允许。</p> <p><span>*通信:</span>智元,<一个href="mailto:yzisthecure@163.com">yzisthecure@163.com</一个></p> <div class="clear"></div> </div>   <div class="thin-line-dark"></div> </div> </div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="side-article-subjects only-devices widget-listing people-also-looked-at hidden"> <h5 class="like-h4">人也看了</h5></d我v></d我v></div> </div> <div id="divTemplates"> <div class="modal fade modal-container impact-modal-container" data-backdrop="static" id="impactModal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="myModalLabel" aria-hidden="true"></div> <div class="modal fade modal-container supplementary-modal-container" data-backdrop="static" data-keyboard="false" id="supplementaryFilesModal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="mySupplementaryModalLabel" aria-hidden="true" style="display: none; padding-right: 17px;"></div> <div class="modal fade modal-container notifyme-modal-container" data-backdrop="static" id="notifyModal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="Notify on publication" aria-hidden="true"></div> </div> </div> <a id="floating-download-pdf-btn" class="floating-button" data-event="downloadfloating-button-click" href="//www.thespel.com/articles/10.3389/fenrg.2022.1050641/pdf"><span class="floating-button-text" data-event="downloadfloating-button-click">下载</span></a> <frontiers-footer main-domain="frontiersin.org"></frontiers-footer>   </body> </html>

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